History

HISTORY OF THE MOVEMENT

In1907 Robert Stiffen Sons Smith Baden Powell was started the scout organisation.He was born in 1857,februry22 in London.His native place padington,the street of standhop.He was the 6th son of Herbert George Baden Powell and Hendrita Grace Smith.Also he was the Grand son of Joseph Boyer Smith.His father was a professor in onford university.When he was 3years old his father was expired.Agnas was the only one sister.His mother gave him a pet name “steffy”.B.P.started his education from helsington,then continued in Rose hill and graduated from chatter house in 1876,at the age of 19.
He completed his education and joined the british ARMY reqiment of 13th hazzards,in the rank of subreffanant.He become captain at the age of 26.He wrote his first book pigstalking.Boating,fishing,horse riding,pig hunting,etc…are his own favourite hobbies.Mafeking is a small town in Transval of southafrica.In 1887,the Bover tribes imposed aganist British .To oppose there emergence a war named Bover war,lead by Baden Powell.This war counrined to 217 days.As a result the britisians will not get the daily life pdls and food.Edward sezzil,the frnd of Baden Powell gave rise to a child organisation named,MCC(Mafeking Cadet Crops).Good year is the leader of this organisation.
He trained the cadets for assist soldiers such as messengers and security.At that time,they create a mailing system.The picture of a cadet who travelling in a cycle was introduced in the stamp.Courageous and confidence of the cadet made him a new way of training and make a better citizen for the country.After 217 days B.P.got success.The perambe gave left hand shake and he gave wooden necklace for his success.The Emperor George 4 give lord positions for his ability and sincearly In 1901 B.P.wrote a book for military scouts named AID for Scouting This book was accepted as a text book in Britision schools In1907 B.P.conducted a camp to find the respond and activity from the boys.21days participitated from various life style in the camp.The camp was conducted from 1909 July31-August 08.

Birth of ScoutingHistory of Scouting commences with a British Army Officer, Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden Powell. It is not merely one act or initiative of Baden-Powell that led to formation of Scouting but a number of events, prevailing conditions in England at that point of time, and influences which attracted the attention of Baden-Powell to draw up a plan to be of service to society, particularly the young boys.We shall explore them one by one. These influences are not presented in a sequential order.Influence 1: While stationed in Lucknow, India as an Army Officer in 1876, Baden-Powell (B.-P.) found that his men did not know basic first aid or outdoor survival skills. They were not able to follow a trail, tell directions, read danger signs, or find food and water. Hoping to teach his men resourcefulness, adaptability and the leadership qualities demanded by frontier conditions, in 1896, Baden-Powell began to write a small military handbook Aids to Scouting.Influence 2: In 1896 a rebellion brokemhoutt in Matabeleland, or Rhodesia as we now call it. On 19th May 1896 B.-P. arrived at Cape Town on a new assignment which he afterwards called the best adventure of my life”.He was the Chief of Staff of Sir Frederick Carrington in the operations against the rebelling tribes of Rhodesia’s Matabeleland. On 11th April, 1900 the Boers bombarded Mafeking for four hours. On 16th May, an advance party of the relieving force rode into Mafeking. Amongst them was Major Baden-Powell.Baden Powell became world famous during this South African Boer War. He held the small town of Making during a 217-day siege The relief was halted with delight throughout the Empire As soon as the news of the Relief was brought to Queen Victoria, she had the following telegram sent to B. P.’I and my whole Empire greatly rejoice at the relief of Mafeking after the splendid defence made by you through all these months. I heartily congratulate you and all under you, military and civil, British and native, for the heroism and devotion you have shown.’Influence 3: The boys of Mafeking from nine years up were organized into the Mafeking Cadet Corps, which was eventually recognized as an official part of the Mafeking defences. They took over all manner of duties such as message-carrying, orderly work in the field kitchens anything that could free a trained man for combat duties. B-P. had noticed how useful these boys were and how they responded to responsibility being put on them. The courage and resourcefulness shown by the boys in the corps of messengers at Mafeking made a lasting impression on him.
Influence 4: When B.-P. returned to London as a national hero, he was promoted to Lieutenant General. In England, he found that his little handbook written for soldiers was being used to teach observation and woodcraft to members of Boys’ clubs and Boys’ Brigade. It had captured the imagination of English boys and was widely read. B.-P. felt the need to rewrite the book especially for boys.
Influence 5: On 30th April 1904. Baden-Powell inspected the Annual Drill Inspection and Review of the Boys Brigade on the occasion of the organization’s coming-of-age, The Drill Inspection and Review was an impressive affair, with seven thousand youngsters performing before eleven thousand ticket-holder onlookers As the boys marched off the field, Baden-Powell turned to congratulate the Boys’ Brigade founder William Alexander Smith. He also added that the Brigade, to his way of thinking, should have many more members than it had-and would have ten times the number with more variety and attraction in the training.Without a moment’s hesitation, Smith agreed and instantly challenged Baden Powell to develop a programme that would provide that added variety and attraction. He specifically suggested that it might be done through a boys version of B. P’s small book, “Aids 1oScouting.

Influence 6: At the end of July 1906, Baden Powell received a small book by mail titled: The Birch-bark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians written by Emest Thompson Seton, a British citizen living in the United States. He was very much impressed with the content of the book. On 30 October, the 46-year-old naturalist-writer and the 49-year-old general lunched together. The day after their meeting. Baden-Powell sent Seton his Aids to Scouting and a copy of the material he had prepared earlier that year regarding his ideas on Scouting for Boys’ Seton secured B.-P’s promise of assistance in revising the Campcraft section of The Brich-bark Roll for the sixth printing and Baden-Powell got Seton’s permission to use some of the games of the Woodcraft Indians in his programme.
Influence 7: A report of conditions in the British capital, just published after exhaustive study revealed the shocking fact that 30% of the population of London -a city that prided itself on being the richest in the world -were suffering from malnutrition. Another report showed that of more than two million school boys, only about a quarter of a million were under any kind of ‘good’ influence after school hours. Poverty, squalor, overcrowding, marginalization, exploitation, crime, etc., were prevalent in the poor areas of London This bothered many especially Baden-Powell who returned to London in 1903 after spending several years abroad as part of his military career. He could not believe that nearly a third of London’s population was under-nourished.He was shocked with the fact that alcoholism, vandalism and crime rate were becoming increasingly rampant.B.-P. termed these as “fallings” He believed that such “failings” sap the very foundation of society, thus placing it in danger and compromising its future. Such harsh realities prompted B.-P. to offer something concrete to such dehumanizing situation and particularly to the young boys of the country.B.-P. believed that it was necessary to develop character to tackle such problems The educational institutions failed to do this – they merely transmitted knowledge. He basically believed that “education aims to draw out and develop from the inside the good to the exclusion of the bad”. He therefore proposed a twin plan – a purpose to improve society. by improving the individuals of which it is composed, and a method intended to “draw out” rather than “impress upon”.Baden-Powell was determined to give his Boy Scouts scheme a thorough test before he developed the final details. Since one of its main characteristics was to be adventuring outdoors the only way of doing this testing was by camping with a group of boys. This, in itself, was a revolutionary idea at the time. Hitherto, camping had been reserved almost exclusively for the military at home and abroad. and for explorers and sportsmen overseas. Now, for the first time, it would be made generally available to British boys on their home ground.The result crystallised in the form of an experimental camp in Brownsea Island, in Poole Harbour, Dorset, England in August 1907 organised by Baden-Powell. He wanted to see how far his scheme would interest boys of different upbringing and education and therefore recruited his 20 campers from various walks of English life.Some were from large public schools. others from the slums, shops or farms.To the boys, the Brown sea camp became a thrilling adventure. They were having fun and excitement. They were not aware of the significance of what was happening – that their working and playing together would eventually result in millions of other boys sharing in the same game.To them, everything was a new and something to be treasured the experience of camping in itself, the friendships they made in their patrols and the scout-craft skills they learned. They were organized into patrols. They played games, took hikes, cooked without utensils, learned stalking and pioneering skills. In the evenings, around the magic of a campfire, they were spellbound by B.-P.’s stories of his army adventures. Scouting had begun in earnest and was destined to spread around the worldB.-P. himself considered the camp a success. It had shown him the soundness of his patrol system. It had demonstrated the appeal of camping and outdoor activities to boys of classes. It had established that the most effective way of learning scout craft was through practices and games. It has proved that, when put on their honour boys would do their very best.Within a few days of his return B.-P. began to receive letters from the boys and their parents. The boys expressed themselves enthusiastically about the marvellous time they had experienced. The reactions of the parents were of the greatest importance to Baden Powell. They had trusted their boys to his care for an experiment. The parents felt that their boys had not only picked up useful knowledge but had become more resourceful and more independent.After the Brown sea camp. B.-P. rewrote his earlier handbook and called it Scouting for Boys. He incorporated many ideas from two American programmes for boys: The Woodcraft Indians, and The Sons of Daniel Boone. Scouting for Boys was first published as a six – part series of magazine articles. People liked the series so well that it was published as a book in 1908.Spurred by Baden-Powell’s enthusiasm and personal magnetism, Boy Scout patrols started to appear in each of communities in which the General had stopped on his countrywide tour to describe his Boy Scouts scheme. By the time the sixth and final part of the book made its appearance at the end of March, Boy Scouting had swept like a tidal wave across the length and breadth of the United KingdomThe general doubt that is likely to arise is as to when exactly scouting was born. The conduct of the first experimental camp by Baden Powell at Brown Sea Island in 1907 is considered to be the birth of ScoutingGrowth of the MovementScouting spread throughout England and began spreading to other countries. The first recognized overseas unit was chartered in Gibraltar in 1908, followed quickly by a unit in Malta. Canada became the first overseas dominion with a sanctioned Boy Scout program, followed by Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Chile was the first country outside the British dominions to have a recognized Scouting program. Scouting came to India in the year 1909. By 1910, Argentina, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Malaya, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States had Boy Scouts.The success of “Scouting for Boys” produced a Movement that quickly – automatically it seemed adopted the name of the Boy Scouts and necessitated the establishment of an office to administer it.By 1909 the Movement had taken firm root. “Scouting for Boys” had been translated into five languages.Birth of Guiding1909 is the memorable year in the history of Scouting to have the first gathering of Scouts at Crystal Palace, London. Over 11,000 Scouts in uuniform who attended the rally proved their willingness to play the game of Scouting Along with these 11,000 Scouts, there were a handful of girls who too wanted to join the game.It was a surprise for Baden Powell to see girls at the rally, wearing uniforms like Boy Scouts. When he asked them ” Who are you?” they replie, We are Girl Scouts!” They said they too wanted very much to be in the game like their brothers.He tried to persuade the girls to give up the idea, but he found enthusiasm in those young girls and determination to follow their brothers. So he separated the girl section of the Movement into a new section and put his sister Agnes Baden Powel in charge to look after it, calling the branch as Girl Guides. Thus was born the Movement for girls. After B.-P.’s marriage, his wife Olave St. Clair Soames (fondly known as Lady Baden-Powell) was a great source of strength to B.P., in promoting Scouting and Guiding around the world. Both of them undertook several world tours to highlight Scouting and Guiding. After B.P’s death on 8th January 1941 in Nyeri Lady Baden-Powell continued her good work until her death in 1977The coming of the First World War in 1914 could have brought about the collapse of the Movement, but the training provided through the patrol system proved its worth. Patrol leaders took over when adult leaders volunteered for active service. Scouts contributed to the war effort in many ways; most notable perhaps were the Sea Scouts who took the place of regular coast -guardsmen, thus freeing them for service afloat.The first World Jamboree took place in 1920, in Olympia, London with 8,000 participants, and proved that young people of many nations could come together to share common interests and ideals. B.P. was proclaimed as the Chief Scout of the world at this Jamboree. During the Jamboree the first International Scout Conference was held with 33 National Scout Organizations represented. The Boy Scouts International Bureau was founded in London in 1920.As the Movement grew, expanded and spread to various countries around the world, the need was felt to form a world body and it resulted in the formation of World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) as well as the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS).WOSM is functioning from six regional offices: Africa, Arab, Asia Pacific, Eurasia, Europe and Western Hemisphere. The Bharat Scouts and Guides is one of the founder members of the Asia Pacific RegionWAGGGS is functioning from five regional offices: Africa, Arab, Asia Pacific, Europe and Western Hemisphere.In the 1990’s Scouting has been reborn in every country where it existed prior to World War II, and it has started throughout the newly independent countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (formerly the USSR). At present there are more than 28 million Scouts, young people and adults, male and female, in 216 countries and territories. There are more than ten million girls and young women in 146 countries.

SCOUTING IN INDIA

Scouting was officially founded in British India in 1909, first starting at the Bishop Cotton Boys’ School in Bangalore. Scouting for native Indians was started by Justice Vivian Bose, Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, Pandit Hridayanath Kunzru, Girija Shankar Bajpai, Annie Besant and George Arundale, in 1913. Prior to this date, Scouting was open only for British and foreign Scouts. In 1916, a Cub section was started, followed by the Rover section in 1918.

In 1916, Calcutta’s Senior Deputy Commissioner of Police J. S. Wilson introduced Scouting for Boys as a textbook in the Calcutta Police Training School. Colonel Wilson volunteered his services to the District Scout Commissioner, Alfred Pickford, and in 1917 became Assistant Scoutmaster of the Old Mission Church Troop. Together the two struggled for the admission of Indian boys into the Boy Scouts Association, which had not been admitted due to a Government of India order against it because “Scouting might train them to become revolutionaries”. Shortly Wilson was acting as Cubmaster and Scoutmaster, and succeeded Pickford as District Commissioner in May 1919 when Pickford was promoted to Chief Scout Commissioner for India.

As a way of getting around the Government Order, the Boy Scouts of Bengal was founded, with identical aims and methods. Many separate Scout organizations began to spring up, the Indian Boy Scouts Association, founded in 1916, based in Madras and headed by Annie Besant and George Arundale; Boy Scouts of Mysore; Boy Scouts of Baroda; Nizam’s Scouts in Hyderabad; Seva Samiti Scout Association (Humanity Uplift Service Society), founded in 1917 by Madan Mohan Malaviya and Hridayanath Kunzru and based in Allahabad; the aforementioned Boy Scouts of Bengal and likely others. A conference was held in Calcutta in August 1920 in which Wilson staged a Scout Rally, and as a result the Viceroy of India sent an invitation to Lord Baden-Powell, by then Chief Scout of the World, to visit India. Lord and Lady Baden-Powell arrived in Bombay in late January 1921 for a short tour of the subcontinent before leaving Calcutta for Rangoon. Alfred Pickford accompanied them and became one of their closest friends.

The emblem of the Boy Scouts Association in India–note modern Burma, Pakistan and Bangladesh are included in the map The result of this visit was a union of all of the Scout organizations except the Seva Samiti Scout Association into The Boy Scouts Association in India. In 1922 Pickford returned to England and was appointed Overseas Commissioner of The Boy Scouts Association at their headquarters in London, but his dream of allowance of local boys into the program had been fulfilled.

In 1938, a number of members left the Boy Scouts Association in India after a wave of nationalism. They formed – together with the Seva Samiti Scout Association and the newly founded India National Scout Association – the Hindustan Scout Association, the first coeducational Scouting and Guiding organisation in India. In the same year, the Boy Scouts Association in India became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement.
In the first years after India’s independence leading politicians, including Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and Mangal Das Pakvasa, as well as Scout leaders tried to unify India’s Scouts and Guides. A first success was the merger of the The Boy Scouts Association in India and the Hindustan Scout Association forming the Bharat Scouts and Guides on 7 November 1950. About a year later, on 15 August 1951, the All India Girl Guides Association joined this new organisation.

Scouting and Guiding in India:

Though Scouting came to India in 1909, membership was open to only European and Anglo Indian boys. In 1916, Dr. Annie Besant, established the Indian Boy Scout Association, in Madras and in 1917 Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya and Pandit Hridayanath Kunzru assisted by Sri Ram Bajpai established the Seva Samiti Scout Association in Allahabad. In 1938, the Seva Samiti Scout Association and newly formed Indian National Scout Association merged and formed the Hindustan Scout AssociationOn 7th November 1950, the Boy Scout Association in India and the Hindustan Scout Association merged under the name of The Bharat Scouts and Guides. The Girl Guide Association of India merged with the Bharat Scouts and Guides on 15th August 1951Though the Scout wing and Guide wing are working together under the banner of The Bharat Scouts and Guides, the Scout wing is affiliated to WOSM and the Guide wing is affiliated to WAGGGS.